Some Theories in late Adulthood
Basically
two theories that will be analyzed in this paper are the Continuity Theory and
the Disengagement Theory. Both theories are interwoven in the sense that, they
both describe how people develop in late adulthood. Also, these two theories
describe how the aging adjust and adapt with the changes in old age.
The
Continuity Theory holds that, in making adaptive choices, middle-aged and older
adults attempt to preserve and maintain existing internal and external
structures; and they prefer to accomplish this objective by using strategies
tied to their past experiences of themselves and their social world. In another
word, this theory maintains that one must keep the same habits that one had in
the past in order to have a healthy and dignified aging process. Some of these
habits include how one eats, type of lifestyle pursued and even social
relationships. Furthermore, Continuity theory has been used in understanding
adjustment to retirement as well as work ability, with the aging. This perspective is important in light of the
recent development in workforce participation of older employees and the trend
toward early exit from working life. Overall the theory stipulates that
individuals who are aging successfully continue habits, preferences, lifestyle,
and relationships through midlife and later.
Another theory that is closely related to the Continuity
theory is the Disengagement theory. The main premise of disengagement is that
there is a loss of roles and energy due to age that makes people to long to be
dismissed from their social expectations of productivity and competitiveness.
Disengagement is an adaptive behavior that allows for the maintenance of a
sense of worth and tranquility while performing peripheral social roles. This
theory also explains an orderly way of transferring power from one generation
to the next. The disengagement process is mutual and has positive consequences
for both society and the individual. The belief is that social services should
not empower the older adult but assist and encourage their withdrawal from
society.
Both Theories seek to explain how people adjust and cope with
the development of old age. However, Continuity theory is more appealing, since
it maintains that the old can continue with a healthy lifestyle in order to cope
with the aging process. On the other hand Disengagement theory states that
people will withdraw from their community and be closer only to their
significant family members. Eventually this might lead to some degree of isolation
and loneliness.
References
Ashford, J., &
LeCroy, C. (2013). Infancy. In Human behavior in the social environment: A
multidimensional perspective (5th ed., p. 599-600).
Belmont, CA: Jon-David
Hague. Kowalczyk, K. (n.d.). Psychosocial Theories of Aging: Activity Theory,
Continuity Theory & Disengagement Theory. Retrieved April 13, 2015, from
http://study.com/academy/lesson/psychosocial-theories-of-aging-activity-theory-continuity-theory-disengagement-theory.html